Driving on Icy Roads

Staying safe when the roads are not

For the last several weeks, we've encountered colder than typical weather and the results have been snow-packed and icy roads in the area.  Here are a number of tips and measures you can take to be safe on the roads.

First and foremost--consider if you need to drive on the roads at all.  If the answer is "It can wait" then wait.  The best way to stay safe when the roads are not is to not get on the roads at all.

If you must drive, here's some guidelines to help.

General tips

When driving on cold, icy roads, it's important to take special precautions to ensure your safety. Here are some general tips and safety measures anyone can use:

• Slow down: Reduce your speed and give yourself plenty of time to reach your destination. Driving at a slower speed allows for better control of your vehicle on icy roads.
• Increase following distance: Leave a larger gap between your vehicle and the one in front of you. This gives you more time to react and brake if needed.  Remember that in icy conditions, brakes may not work at all and your vehicle may just become a "sled" riding over the surface.
• Brake gently: Apply the brakes gently to avoid skidding. If your vehicle has an anti-lock braking system (ABS), apply steady pressure to the brake pedal. If not, pump the brakes gently to prevent wheel lock-up.
• Avoid sudden maneuvers: Make smooth and gradual turns, accelerations, and decelerations. Sudden movements can cause your vehicle to lose traction and slide.
• Use your headlights: Turn on your headlights to increase visibility, especially during low-light conditions or when it's snowing.
• Clear your windshield and windows: Remove all ice and snow from your windshield, windows, and mirrors before driving. This ensures clear visibility and prevents obstructed views.
• Check your tires: Make sure your tires have sufficient tread depth and are properly inflated. Good traction is crucial on icy roads.
• Carry emergency supplies: Keep a winter survival kit in your vehicle, including items such as a flashlight, extra warm clothing, blankets, a shovel, and non-perishable food and water.
• Test the roads:  Attempt a few test starts and stops at the beginning of your trip, or drive up and down the block a few times.  Get the feel for the conditions and you can them make a better decision.
• Use a suitable vehicle:  Your "ride" needs to be able to handle the rough roads. Don't attempt with a motorcycle (do I really have to write that? Yeah... I probably do...)

Err on the side of caution when driving in icy conditions. Stay informed about the weather forecast and road conditions before heading out. And if you do get stuck, you will almost always be better off to stay with your vehicle until help arrives.  See our article Staying warm overnight in a vehicle for more details.

Tire selection

The tires on your vehicle can make a difference!  While it's not practical to wait until the storm arrives to select the right tires, you can prepare in advance and make some good choices.  Here's a basic introduction to various types of tires available on the market:

• Snow Tires (Winter Tires): Snow tires are specifically designed for winter conditions, including snow, ice, and cold temperatures. They have a unique tread pattern with deeper grooves and more sipes (small slits) to enhance traction on slippery surfaces. Snow tires are made from a softer rubber compound that remains flexible in cold temperatures, allowing for better grip. They provide improved braking, acceleration, and handling in winter conditions.
• All-Season Tires: All-season tires are designed to provide satisfactory performance in a variety of weather conditions, including dry, wet, and light snow. They have a tread pattern that balances traction on different surfaces. While all-season tires can handle light snow and slush, they may not provide the same level of grip and performance as dedicated snow tires in severe winter conditions.
• All-Terrain Tires: All-terrain tires are primarily designed for off-road use but can also be used on paved roads. They have a more aggressive tread pattern with larger tread blocks and deeper grooves to provide better traction on various terrains, including snow and mud. While they offer decent performance in light snow, they may not be as effective as dedicated snow tires in severe winter conditions.
• Studded Tires: Studded tires have metal studs embedded in the tread to provide additional traction on icy roads. The studs bite into the ice, improving grip and reducing braking distances. Studded tires are highly effective on ice but can be noisy and cause damage to road surfaces. They are also subject to specific regulations and restrictions in many areas.

When choosing tires for winter driving, it's important to consider the climate and road conditions in your area. If you frequently encounter heavy snow and icy roads, dedicated snow tires or studded tires may be the best option. However, if you experience milder winters with occasional snowfall, all-season tires might be sufficient.

It's also crucial to ensure that your tires are properly inflated and have sufficient tread depth for optimal performance. Regular tire maintenance and inspection are essential for safe winter driving.

If you need further assistance or have specific questions about tire options for your area you should consult with a local tire professional or automotive expert. Your state highay patrol is a great source of such information--they all have a desire to keep drivers safe.

Tire Chains

Tire chains can be a useful tool for improving traction on icy roads, especially in areas with frequent and heavy snowfall. They provide additional grip and help prevent your vehicle from sliding. However, it's important to note that tire chains are not legal or recommended in all areas.

Before using tire chains, check your local laws and regulations regarding their use. Some states have specific requirements for when and where tire chains can be used. Additionally, certain road surfaces, such as asphalt, can be damaged by tire chains, so it's important to use them only when necessary and on appropriate road surfaces.

If you decide to use tire chains, make sure to follow the manufacturer's instructions for installation and removal. Improperly installed chains can cause damage to your vehicle or even come loose while driving, posing a safety risk.

It's also worth considering alternative options such as snow tires or studded tires, which are designed to provide better traction on icy roads. These tires have specialized tread patterns and rubber compounds that enhance grip in winter conditions.

Ultimately, the decision to use tire chains or other traction devices depends on your specific needs, local regulations, and road conditions. It's always a good idea to consult with local authorities or experienced professionals for guidance on the best options for your area.

Other safety measures

When driving or preparing to drive on icy roads in the Great Plains, here are some additional tips and suggestions to consider:

• Plan your route: Before heading out, check the weather forecast and road conditions along your intended route. Avoid roads that are known to be more hazardous during icy conditions, such as steep inclines or areas prone to drifting snow.
• Have a "co-pilot" with you:  A second person in the vehicle can help spot emergencies, make decisions, and help out if you become stranded.
• Inform others: Let someone know your travel plans, including your expected route and estimated arrival time. This way, someone will be aware of your whereabouts in case of an emergency.
• Keep your vehicle well-maintained: Ensure that your vehicle is in good working condition, especially during winter months. Check the battery, brakes, tires, windshield wipers, and fluid levels regularly. Cold temperatures can affect the performance of these components.
• Stay updated on road conditions: Use local traffic and weather apps, radio stations, or websites to stay informed about current road conditions, closures, and any advisories or warnings in your area.
• Avoid distractions: Minimize distractions while driving, especially on icy roads. Keep your focus on the road and avoid using your phone or engaging in other activities that may divert your attention.
• Practice defensive driving: Be cautious and anticipate potential hazards. Keep a safe distance from other vehicles and be prepared for sudden stops or skids. Avoid sudden lane changes or aggressive maneuvers.
• Use your vehicle's features: If your vehicle is equipped with features like anti-lock brakes (ABS), traction control, or stability control, familiarize yourself with how they work and use them to your advantage. These features can help maintain control on icy roads.
• Stay calm and patient: If you find yourself in a skid or slide, remain calm and avoid overreacting. Steer gently in the direction you want to go and avoid sudden braking or accelerating. Panicking can worsen the situation.

It's always better to delay or reschedule your trip if road conditions are extremely hazardous. Your safety should be the top priority.

Emergency equipment

We have another article Maximizing Preparedness: Combining the Get Home Bag and Car Box that is a great place to start and discusses this concept extensively.  In the winter, there can bea a few more items that are necessary.  Here's a list of emergency equipment suitable to keep in a vehicle during icy conditions:

• Communication devices:  Have multiple options--a well-charged cell phone can go a long way to getting help when you need it, and two are better than one.  A CB (citizen's band) radio is a great secondary communication system or a portable HAM (amateur radio) works well for those who are licensed to use it.
• Ice scraper and snow brush: To clear ice and snow from your windshield, windows, and mirrors.
• Shovel: A small collapsible shovel can be handy for digging out your vehicle if it gets stuck in snow or ice.
• Sand or kitty litter: To provide traction under your tires if you get stuck. Sprinkle it around the tires for better grip.
• Jumper cables: In case your vehicle's battery dies, jumper cables can help you jump-start it using another vehicle.
• Tire chains or traction mats: If you live in an area where tire chains are legal and recommended, keep a set in your vehicle. Alternatively, traction mats can provide additional grip on icy surfaces.
• Spare tire, jack, and lug wrench: In case you experience a flat tire, having a spare tire and the necessary tools to change it is essential.
• Emergency warning devices: Carry items like reflective triangles or flares to alert other drivers if you're stranded or parked on the side of the road.
• Flashlight and extra batteries: A flashlight can be useful in case of nighttime breakdowns or emergencies. Make sure to have spare batteries as well.
• Blankets and extra warm clothing: Keep extra blankets or sleeping bags in your vehicle to stay warm if you're stranded for an extended period. Extra warm clothing, such as hats, gloves, and jackets, can also help in cold conditions.
• Non-perishable food and water: Pack some non-perishable snacks like granola bars, nuts, or dried fruits, as well as bottled water or a reusable water bottle.
• First aid kit: Include a basic first aid kit with essentials like bandages, antiseptic wipes, pain relievers, and any necessary medications.
• Portable phone charger: Keep a fully charged portable phone charger in your vehicle to ensure you can stay connected in case of emergencies.

Periodically check and replenish your emergency kit to ensure that all items are in good condition and up to date.

Special concerns for heavy equipment

Driving heavy equipment such as large tractor-trailers or farm equipment on icy roads requires additional precautions due to their size and weight. You think it's hard to stop a car on an icy road--the momentum of a fully-loaded freight truck and trailer is 20 to 50 times greater than that of a typical family car on the road at the same speed.

Here are some suggestions and steps to consider when operating heavy equipment during snow and ice conditions:

• Slow down and maintain a safe speed: Reduce your speed even further when operating heavy equipment on icy roads. The increased weight and momentum of these vehicles make it more challenging to stop or maneuver quickly.
• Increase following distance: Leave an even larger gap between your vehicle and the one in front of you. This allows for more time to react and brake, considering the longer stopping distance required for heavy equipment.
• Be extra cautious on inclines and declines: Approach hills and declines with caution, as they can be particularly challenging on icy roads. Reduce speed before reaching the slope and avoid sudden acceleration or braking.
• Use proper tire chains or traction devices: If your heavy equipment requires additional traction, ensure that you have appropriate tire chains or traction devices installed. Follow the manufacturer's instructions for installation and use.
• Be mindful of weight distribution: Ensure that the weight of your load is properly distributed on the equipment. Uneven weight distribution can affect stability and traction, especially on icy surfaces.
• Use caution when turning: Make wide and gradual turns to maintain stability. Sharp turns can cause the equipment to slide or tip over on icy roads.
• Be visible to other drivers: Use your vehicle's lights, reflectors, and flashers to enhance visibility, especially during low-light conditions or when it's snowing. Consider using additional warning devices if necessary.
• Monitor weather and road conditions: Stay informed about the weather forecast and road conditions along your route. If conditions worsen or become unsafe, consider delaying or rescheduling your trip.
• Stay alert and focused: Avoid distractions and maintain full attention on the road and your surroundings. Be prepared for unexpected situations and hazards.
• Plan your route carefully: Choose routes that are less prone to icy conditions or have better road maintenance. Avoid roads with steep inclines or sharp curves if possible.
• Communicate with other drivers: Use your vehicle's signals, horn, and lights to communicate your intentions to other drivers. Be patient and allow other vehicles to pass when it's safe to do so.
• Be prepared for emergencies: Carry a well-equipped emergency kit specific to heavy equipment, including items like a fire extinguisher, reflective vests, warning triangles, and tools for basic repairs.
• Take breaks:  Driving a big rig in foul conditions can be stressful.  If you have a long trip, work in some breaks to rest and relax so you'll be at your peak when you are behind the wheel.
• Forget about schedules:  There is no way to stick to a regular freight schedule when weather is bad, and everyone knows that.  Don't push your timeline.  If you are delivering freight on a schedule and you are behind schedule, do not attempt to "make up" the time.  It's not worth it.

Operating heavy equipment on icy roads requires extra caution and skill. If you're unsure about the conditions or your ability to safely navigate the roads, it's best to consult with experienced professionals or delay your operations until conditions improve.

Practice in a safe environment

Finding a safe location to practice driving in icy conditions can be immensely beneficial for honing your skills and boosting confidence behind the wheel. Many individuals, especially those with a rural upbringing, can relate to the experience of spending hours in a parking lot, navigating through the challenges of skidding, mastering braking techniques, and gaining control over their vehicle. 

For farm kids, in particular, these open spaces become valuable classrooms where the subtleties of handling a vehicle on snow and ice are learned through hands-on practice.  Preparation can be a whole lot of fun when done under the proper conditions!

Engaging in controlled maneuvers on an empty, snow-packed parking lot not only imparts practical knowledge but also instills a sense of familiarity with the unique dynamics of winter driving. It serves as a proactive approach to developing the reflexes needed in challenging conditions, ultimately contributing to safer and more confident driving on icy roads. In essence, these snowy practice sessions become rites of passage, shaping individuals into adept drivers who can navigate winter landscapes with skill and composure.

Here are some suggestions for finding a suitable location:

• Empty parking lots: Look for large, empty parking lots that are not in use during the winter season. These provide ample space to practice various maneuvers, such as braking, turning, and accelerating on icy surfaces.
• Industrial areas: Industrial areas or business parks often have wide roads and parking lots that are less congested during non-working hours. These areas can provide a suitable environment for practicing driving in icy conditions.
• Closed roads or private properties: If you have access to closed roads or private properties, such as farms or ranches, where you can safely practice, they can be ideal locations. Ensure that you have permission to use these areas and that they are free from any potential hazards.
• Driving schools or training facilities: Consider enrolling in a winter driving course or finding a driving school that offers training specifically for icy conditions. These facilities often have specially designed tracks or areas where you can practice under the guidance of experienced instructors.
• Local fairgrounds or racetracks: Some fairgrounds or racetracks may offer opportunities for winter driving practice. Check if they have designated times or events for practicing driving skills on icy surfaces.

This can be a fun exercise!  But if you do it wrong, there can be problems--so before practicing in these locations, it's important to gain permission and prioritize safety. Here are a few additional tips:

• Always check local regulations and obtain any necessary permissions or permits before using private or closed areas.
• Choose a location with ample space and minimal obstacles to reduce the risk of collisions or accidents.
• Practice with a partner or have someone present who can assist in case of an emergency.
• Start with basic maneuvers and gradually progress to more advanced techniques as you gain confidence and experience.
• Observe and follow all traffic laws and regulations, even in private areas.
• Be mindful of changing weather conditions and avoid practicing in severe weather or when conditions become unsafe.

Remember, while practicing in a controlled environment can be helpful, it's essential to exercise caution and prioritize safety at all times.

Avoid this

I dont like people getting hurt--but property damage can be entertaining!  Don't be these people: